Humber Admissions Practice Test

Which of the following statements best explains covalent bonding?

1. Electrons are transferred completely

2. Electrons are shared between atoms

3. Electrons are lost to create an ionic bond

4. Electrons orbit freely between atoms

The correct answer is: Electrons are shared between atoms

Covalent bonding is characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms. This occurs when two atoms come together and contribute one or more of their electrons to form a shared pair, resulting in a stable molecule. This type of bonding typically happens between nonmetals, where the electronegativity—an atom's ability to attract electrons—is similar enough that neither atom fully gives up its electrons. In contrast, the other options highlight different mechanisms of bonding. The first option describes ionic bonding, where electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another, creating charged ions. The third option also pertains to ionic bonds, emphasizing the loss of electrons. The last option suggests a scenario where electrons orbit freely around multiple nuclei, which is not accurate for covalent bonds as the electrons are localized in the bonds formed between the atoms. This distinction is essential to understanding the foundational concepts of chemical bonding and the nature of molecules formed through covalent interactions.