Humber Admissions Practice Test

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What is the function of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

To perform cellular respiration
To provide structural support to the cell
To store and transmit genetic information
To facilitate protein synthesis

The correct answer is: To store and transmit genetic information

DNA in eukaryotic cells serves the primary role of storing and transmitting genetic information. This genetic material contains the instructions needed for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of living organisms. DNA molecules are organized into structures called chromosomes, which ensure that genetic information is accurately copied and passed on during cell division. In eukaryotes, the DNA is located within the cell nucleus, and it is involved in heredity by encoding genes that provide the necessary information to produce proteins. These proteins, in turn, determine the characteristics and functions of the organism, influencing traits ranging from physical appearance to biochemical processes. While other options pertain to different biological functions, they do not describe the specific role of DNA. For instance, cellular respiration is mainly conducted by the mitochondria, and structural support is typically provided by the cytoskeleton and cell wall. Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes and is dependent on the information encoded by DNA but does not encompass the overall function of DNA itself. Thus, the correct choice highlights DNA's essential role as the repository of genetic information, a fundamental characteristic of all living eukaryotic cells.