Humber Admissions Practice Test

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What is often referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum

The correct answer is: Mitochondria

The term "powerhouse of the cell" refers specifically to mitochondria due to their crucial role in energy production. Mitochondria are responsible for converting the energy stored in food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This process occurs through cellular respiration where nutrients are metabolized to produce ATP. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to reproduce independently within the cell. Their ability to generate a significant amount of ATP makes them essential for various cellular activities, especially in cells with high energy demands such as muscle cells and neurons. The concept of mitochondria as the powerhouse highlights their fundamental importance in maintaining cellular functions and supporting life itself.