Humber Admissions Practice Test

What does the Synthesize phase in interphase involve?

1. The cell grows and prepares for division

2. DNA replication occurs, making a copy of DNA

3. The cell performs its normal functions

4. The synthesis of proteins begins

The correct answer is: DNA replication occurs, making a copy of DNA

The Synthesize phase, also known as the S phase, in interphase is where DNA replication occurs. During this phase, the cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, which is crucial for cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell will have the same genetic material as the original cell. The process involves the unzipping of the DNA double helix, where enzymes called DNA polymerases align and bond the complementary nucleotides to create two identical DNA strands from the original strand. This replication is critical because it prepares the cell for the subsequent phases of cell division, ensuring genetic continuity. Therefore, option B accurately captures the essence of what occurs during the Synthesize phase in interphase. Other phases of interphase involve different processes; for example, the cell grows and prepares for division in the G1 phase, while normal cellular functions occur during the G0 or G1 phases. The synthesis of proteins is not limited to the S phase and happens throughout interphase and is not specific to this stage, which underscores why option B is the most fitting choice.